If you mean the battery adhesive strips, sure—you can put a piece of double-sided tape down the back of the battery, and it probably won't move anywhere. There's not much room for the battery to move anyway. Use the adhesive strips if you want to do it right—but, if you're in a bind and you just need the phone working, you can skip the strips. And you can always open the phone back up and add the adhesive strips later.
If you mean the adhesive gasket around the display, the answer is pretty much the same—It's better to have it, but it doesn't hurt anything to put the phone back together without it.